Ingredient Guides
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Get to know the ingredients behind every supplement
The Pleniage encyclopaedia brings together independent scientific guides on every ingredient we use. What it is, how it works, what the clinical evidence says, what doses have been studied and how it fits into the portfolio. Designed both for people interested in caring for themselves in an informed way and for healthcare professionals who want to know the detail.
Ingredient encyclopaedia
Each entry is independent and open to review. If you have questions or spot an error, get in touch.
Calm & Balance
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Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
Ashwagandha KSM-66 (Withania somnifera, 5% withanolides): documented benefits on cortisol and sleep, studied dosages and contraindications.
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L-Theanine
L-theanine (Camellia sinensis, 40% theanine, EGCG-free): documented effects on attention and sleep, alpha waves, studied doses and caffei...
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Magnesium Bisglycinate
Albion TRAACS® magnesium bisglycinate: what it's for, properties, superior bioavailability, studied doses, comparison with citrate and co...
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Rhodiola (Rhodiola rosea)
Rhodiola rosea (3% rosavins, 1% salidrosides): documented effects on mental fatigue and cognition, studied doses and when to check with a...
Energy & Performance
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Alpha-Lipoic Acid (ALA)
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA): what it is, what it is for, antioxidant and mitochondrial properties, R-ALA vs racemic, studied doses and contra...
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Magnesium Citrate
Magnesium citrate: what it is for, its ten functions recognised at EU level, comparison with bisglycinate, malate and oxide, studied dose...
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Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin): food sources, deficiency symptoms, recommended doses, forms (methylcobalamin vs cyanocobalamin) and supplementat...
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Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid): what it does, properties, foods rich in it, benefits for skin and hair, studied doses and deficiency.
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Biotin (vitamin B7)
Biotin (vitamin B7): what it is for, benefits for hair and nails, recommended doses, food sources, deficiency and clinical evidence.
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Vitamin B9 (Folate)
Folic acid (vitamin B9): what it does, recommended doses in pregnancy and preconception, food sources, comparison with methylfolate (5-MT...
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Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): what it is for, benefits for immunity and collagen, bioavailability of forms (liposomal vs ascorbic), dose and...
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Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol): what it is for, antioxidant properties, food sources, recommended doses, contraindications and forms (mixed...
Antioxidants & Defences
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Hyaluronic Acid
Oral hyaluronic acid: what the science says. Absorption, documented benefits for joints and skin hydration, studied doses (8-12 weeks) an...
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Astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis)
Astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis): what it is, antioxidant benefits, skin and eye properties, studied doses and contraindications.
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Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and curcumin: what it is for, documented benefits, bioavailability with black pepper (piperine), dosage and cont...
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Pomegranate (Punica granatum)
Pomegranate extract (Punica granatum): polyphenols and punicalagins with antioxidant properties, clinical evidence, studied doses and bio...
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Glutathione
Glutathione: what the master cellular antioxidant is, what it is for, bioavailability of forms (liposomal, S-acetyl), precursors and dosage.
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Lycopene
Lycopene, the tomato carotenoid: what it is used for, antioxidant properties, bioabsorption, studied doses and what the clinical evidence...
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Lutein
Lutein (carotenoid): what it is, benefits for vision, eyes and blue light from screens, combination with zeaxanthin, doses and contraindi...
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NAC (N-acetylcysteine)
What NAC (N-acetylcysteine) is, how it acts as a glutathione precursor, its supplement forms, the doses studied and its safety profile.
Cellular Vitality
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Hyaluronic Acid
Oral hyaluronic acid: what the science says. Absorption, documented benefits for joints and skin hydration, studied doses (8-12 weeks) an...
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Nicotinamide riboside (NR)
Nicotinamide riboside or NR: what it is for, how it raises NAD+, what the trials in people measured and the maximum authorised daily dose...
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Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): what it is for, benefits for immunity and collagen, bioavailability of forms (liposomal vs ascorbic), dose and...
